Biopsychosocial model of well-being[edit]
See also: Social determinants of mental health, Social determinants of health in poverty, and Social determinants of health
The Biomedical approach was challenged by George Engel in 1977 as it gave little importance to various factors like beliefs, upbringing , trauma, etc. and put main emphasis on biology.[54]
The biopsychosocial model replaces the Biomedical model of wellbeing. The Biopsychosocial model of well being emphasises the modifiable components needed for an individual to have a sense of wellbeing. These are:
healthy environments (physical, social, cultural, and economic)
developmental competencies (healthy identity, emotional and behavioural regulation, interpersonal skills, and problem-solving skills)
sense of belonging
healthy behaviours (sleep, nutrition, exercise, pleasurable and mastery activities)
resilience (recognition of one's innate resilience)
treatment of illness (early evidence-based treatments of physical and psychological illnesses)
UK Office for National Statistics (ONS) definition[edit]
The UK ONS defines wellbeing:[55]
as having 10 broad dimensions which have been shown to matter most to people in the UK as identified through a national debate. The dimensions are:the natural environment,personal well-being,our relationships,health,what we do,where we live,personal finance,the economy,education and skills, andgovernance.Personal well-being is a particularly important dimension which we define as how satisfied we are with our lives, our sense that what we do in life is worthwhile, our day to day emotional experiences (happiness and anxiety) and our wider mental wellbeing.
The ONS then introduced four questions pertaining to wellbeing in their 2011 national survey of the UK population, relating to evaluative well-being, eudemonic well-being, and positive and negative affect. They later switched to referring to the construct being measured as "personal well-being".[56]